Some of the life found beneath the ocean waves 在海浪下发现的一些生命
is nothing short of shocking. 令人震惊。
Cartoon eyes, monstrous mouths, 卡通眼睛，可怕的嘴巴，
skeleton faces, and crazy camouflage: 骷髅脸和疯狂的伪装：
all adaptations that give these oddballs an obvious edge. 所有使这些奇数球具有明显优势的适应方法。
Hidden beneath this black volcanic sand 隐藏在黑色火山砂下
lives a frightening-looking fish. 生活着一条令人恐惧的鱼。
This bug-eyed, toothy menace resembling a human skull 这种臭虫般的露齿威胁类似于人的头骨
is called a stargazer. 被称为观星者。
More than a few divers have been flustered 超过几个潜水员感到慌乱
by its gruesome teeth and skull-like face. 以其可怕的牙齿和颅骨般的面孔。
The stargazer lives throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans 观星者遍布印度洋和太平洋
in relatively shallow waters, at depths of 15 to 500 feet. 在相对浅的水域中，深度为15至500英尺。
It hunts at night, in the murky sediment 它在夜晚，在泥泞的沉积物中狩猎
that locals call "the muck." 被当地人称为“渣土”。
The dense, swirling waters are home to some of the world's 浓密的漩涡水是世界上某些地方的家
most bizarre aquatic predators. 最奇特的水生捕食者。
Demon stingers, lionfish, stonefish - 恶魔st，l鱼，石鱼-
the list of predators stalking these 跟踪这些的掠食者列表
nutrient-rich hunting grounds is long. 营养丰富的狩猎场很长。
Stargazers are part of a family of fish called perciformes, 观星者是鱼类（perciformes）的一部分，
the largest and most diverse group of modern bony fishes. 最大的，种类最全的现代骨鱼。
And while the name stargazer conjures images of dreamy nights 当观星者的名字让人联想到梦幻般的夜晚
spent staring skyward, this fish has more in common 花向天空凝视，这条鱼有更多共同点
with the grim reaper. 用死神。
This one is a whitemargin stargazer. 这是一位白利润观星者。
It has a specialized organ behind its eyes 它的眼睛后面有专门的器官
that can produce an electric shock. 可能会导致触电。
It's like a 50-volt taser. 就像50伏的泰瑟枪。
Not enough to hurt a human, 不足以伤害人类，
but more than enough to stun and incapacitate prey. 但足以使猎物昏迷无能。
The foot-long fish has two sharp bony spines folded down along 脚长的鱼有两条锋利的骨刺，沿??着
the thickest part of its back, just above its pectoral fins. 背部最厚的部分，正好在其胸鳍上方。
They're filled with toxic venom. 他们充满了有毒的毒液。
These spines are meant to deter predators, 这些刺是用来阻止天敌的
and the venom the Stargazer releases can kill them, 而观星者释放的毒液可以杀死他们，
and cause humans a serious wound. 并给人类造成严重伤害。
The Stargazer is breathtakingly fast, 观星者的速度惊人，
particularly when it comes to lunging at passers-by. 尤其是在路人处冲刺时。
But the fish is a weak swimmer, so rather than pursuing prey, 但是这条鱼是个虚弱的游泳者，所以与其追求猎物，
this one buries itself into the sand 这个埋在沙子里
and waits for prey to come to it. 并等待猎物来。
It hunkers down, wriggling and twisting its way 它垂下来，扭动着它的方式
into the smoking muck. 进入吸烟渣。
One last wriggle and it settles into its lair. 最后一个蠕动，它进入了巢穴。
Dug in on the sea floor, camouflaged and motionless, 潜入海底，伪装成一动不动，
it's easy to see why Stargazers are called ambush killers. 很容易看出为什么观星者被称为埋伏杀手。
Normally the movement of a fish's gills 通常鱼the的运动
would be visible while it's breathing. 在呼吸时将可见。
The Stargazer is using its gills, 观星者正在使用its
but it's hard to see while it's buried. 但是当它被掩埋时很难看到。
That's because the Stargazer has a pair of flaps 那是因为观星者有一副襟翼
that hide the gill openings. 隐藏了ill孔。
These flaps allow water to flow smoothly out over the gills. 这些挡水板使水顺着smoothly顺利流出。
Not a ripple, not a bubble. 不是涟漪，不是泡沫。
And so the Stargazer doesn't reveal its location. 因此，观星人不会透露其位置。
The stargazer waits motionless until some kind of prey, 观星者一动不动地等待着某种猎物，
usually a fish, swims above it. 通常是一条鱼，在上面游泳。
The only movement its top-mounted eyes, 唯一的动作是其顶置式的眼睛，
gazing starward, tracking every move. 凝视星空，追踪每一步。
Game over. 游戏结束。
The huge upward-facing mouth is its main weapon. 巨大的朝上嘴是其主要武器。
And that jagged row of teeth-like bumps, 那一排锯齿状的颠簸，
known as cirri, act like a zipper, 被称为cirri，像拉链一样
preventing sand from falling into the stargazer's mouth. 防止沙子掉进观星人的嘴里。
The ambush itself is lightning fast. 伏击本身快如闪电。
It's hard not to feel sorry for this unsuspecting cardinal fish. 很难不为这种毫无戒心的红衣主教感到遗憾。
It's drifted over the wrong place at the wrong time. 它在错误的时间流到了错误的地方。
Swallowed alive, a puff of sand 吞下一口沙子
is all that remains of the attack. 剩下的就是攻击了。
It takes a bit of work to swallow it whole, 整个工作需要花费很多时间，
but finally the job is done. 但最后工作完成了。
As you can imagine, ambush hunting is tedious work. 您可以想象，伏击狩猎是一项繁琐的工作。
The evening meal depends a lot on good fortune. 晚餐取决于好运。
So, to improve its odds, 因此，为了提高赔率，
the Stargazer has evolved a helping hand. 观星人已经伸出了援助之手。
Like the anglerfish, the Stargazer has a special lure. 像钓鱼者一样，观星人也有特殊的诱惑。
At the end of its tongue is a small worm-like ribbon 它的舌头末端是一条小的蠕虫状丝带
it uses to attract prey. 它用来吸引猎物。
It spits it out on the sea floor, 它在海底吐出来，
flicking and flopping it around, 轻弹并翻转它，
mimicking a worm, hoping its prey will find it irresistible. 模仿蠕虫，希望它的猎物会发现它不可抗拒。
And when another victim takes the bait, it lunges. 当另一位受害者抓住诱饵时，它刺入。
Not every lunge is successful. 并非每个弓步都成功。
But there's always another chance. 但是总会有另一个机会。
Cunningly disguised on the sea floor, 狡猾地伪装在海底，
this stargazer will likely never go without. 这个观星者将永远不会没有。
One thing's for sure: in this place of murky mysteries, 可以肯定的一件事：在这个神秘的地方，
things are rarely what they seem, 事物很少看起来像，
and it pays to always be on the lookout. 始终保持监视是值得的。
Frogfish are an underwater wonder. rog鱼是一个水下奇观。
They're still most of the time, 他们仍然是大多数时间
favoring blending in over standing out. 倾向于融合而不是突出。
Their bodies can be over-looked as they lie motionless 他们的身体一动不动，可以被忽视
on the ocean floor. 在海底。
As it waddles by, 当它蹒跚前进时，
this hairy frogfish hardly seems fish-like at all. 这种多毛的鱼似乎几乎不像鱼。
So it's not hard to imagine that this mess of fronds 因此，不难想象这种乱七八糟的叶子
could be confused with another animal. 可能会和另一只动物混淆。
Indeed, fishermen once thought it was a type of frog. 的确，渔民曾经以为是青蛙。
Its squat body could be the reason. 它的下蹲可能是原因。
Its fins have joints, so instead of swimming 它的鳍有关节，所以不要游泳
it prefers to hop along the sea floor 它更喜欢沿着海底跳
using its fins as little legs. 用它的鳍作为小腿。
It took hundreds of years for humans to figure out 人类花了数百年的时间才弄清楚
that this is all fish. 那都是鱼。
Maybe not the most beautiful fish, 也许不是最美丽的鱼，
but certainly one of the most bizarre. 但无疑是最怪异的之一。
This hairy beast looks like it's out of breath; 这种毛茸茸的野兽看起来像是喘不过气来。
as though trudging through silt and sand has left it winded. 好像在泥沙间穿行，使它缠绕起来。
It might seem comical to us, 对我们来说似乎很可笑，
but to any sea life passing by, it's no laughing matter. 但是对于任何过去的海洋生物来说，这都不是一件容易的事。
This big mouth means business. 大嘴巴意味着生意。
Witness the fastest bite among all vertebrates. 见证所有脊椎动物中咬伤最快的动物。
The frogfish can snap its mouth shut 鱼可以闭上嘴
at a speed of 650 miles per hour. 以每小时650英里的速度
That's faster than a speeding bullet. 那比飞速的子弹快。
It opens its mouth, swallows its prey, 它张开嘴，吞下猎物，
and closes its big jaw in 6 milliseconds. 并在6毫秒内张开大颚。
Too fast for the human eye to perceive. 对人眼来说太快了。
The only evidence that it succeeded? 唯一成功的证据？
Now you see it, now you don't. 现在您看到了，现在您没有了。
The hairy frogfish prefers to hide or blend in 毛鱼更喜欢隐藏或融合
whenever it can, pretending to be a soft coral or a sea fan. 尽可能假装是软珊瑚或海扇。
The unsuspecting reef fish have no idea 毫无戒心的礁鱼不知道
they're swimming next to the fastest draw in the ocean. 他们在海洋上最快的抽奖旁边游泳。
This fish is among the world's elite ambush predators, 这条鱼是世界上最出色的伏击捕食者之一，
thanks to its combination of stealth and speed. 由于其隐身性和速度的结合。
This type of frogfish is covered in fleshy protrusions 这种鱼被肉质突起覆盖
called spinules. 称为尖刺。
They help camouflage it. 他们帮助伪装。
But all frogfish - some 50-odd species - 但是所有鱼-大约50种-
can assume some incredibly brilliant disguises. 可以承担一些难以置信的出色伪装
They use all kinds of elaborate camouflage. 他们使用各种精心制作的伪装。
But for this female 但是对于这个女性
there's no hiding from a smaller, male suitor. 没有一个较小的男性求婚者藏身。
He senses the large female is carrying eggs, 他感觉到那位大雌性正在生鸡蛋，
and that makes her a magnet. 这使她着迷。
He'll follow her, and when she's ready to release them, 他会跟着她，当她准备释放他们时，
he'll be first in line to fertilize them. 他将首先为他们施肥。
The mating ritual between these two appears to have just begun. 两者之间的交往仪式似乎才刚刚开始。
The eggs in her abdomen 腹部的鸡蛋
NAME? 名称？
will continue to grow over several hours, 将持续几个小时增长，
and her abdomen will enlarge. 她的腹部会扩大。
The male will pursue her for up to two days, 雄性最多会追捕她两天，
until her eggs are ready and the two of them can spawn. 直到她的卵准备好并且两个都可以产卵。
Then, their co-parenting will be over as quickly as it began. 然后，他们的共同育儿将很快开始。
They'll both go back to a solitary life 他们俩都会回到孤独的生活
until the next breeding time. 直到下一个繁殖时间。
As a type of anglerfish, 作为一种fish鱼，
the hairy frogfish knows a thing or two about fishing. 多毛的鱼对捕鱼了解一两点。
It has a built-in rod, and a lure. 它具有内置杆和诱饵。
It's called an esca. 这叫做esca。
It looks like a wriggling worm - 看起来像蠕动的蠕虫-
perfect to seduce its naive prey. 完美勾引其幼稚的猎物。
The frogfish uses it to catch anything from fish, 鱼用它来捕捞任何鱼类，
to crab, to shrimp. 去螃蟹，去虾
It piques the curiosity of unsuspecting passers by. 它激起了毫无戒心的路人的好奇心。
The frogfish's iridescent eyes follow its prey, 鱼的虹彩眼睛跟随猎物，
watching until the moment is right. 看着直到正确的时机。
With an enormous gape, 巨大的空白
it can increase the capacity of its mouth by 12 times. 它可以使嘴巴的容量增加12倍。
By creating a vacuum that sucks the prey into its mouth, 通过产生将猎物吸入口中的真空，
a frogfish can consume a fish up to half its size. 鱼最多可以食用一半大小的鱼。
But a smaller fish will do just fine, in a pinch. 但是，在紧要关头，一条较小的鱼就可以了。
Bigmouth strikes again. Bigmouth再次罢工。
With its gorgeous hues and googly eyes, 凭借其华丽的色调和古怪的眼睛，
this marine creature stands out in the gloomy depths 这个海洋生物在阴暗的深处脱颖而出
of the Indian and Pacific oceans. 印度洋和太平洋。
Named for the peacock-like coloring on its shell, 以壳上的孔雀般的颜色命名，
it's one of the ocean's most enigmatic 这是海洋中最神秘的地方之一
and dangerous creatures. 和危险的生物。
The peacock mantis shrimp. 孔雀螳螂虾。
It's actually not a mantis, nor a shrimp. 它实际上不是螳螂，也不是虾。
Mantis shrimp are the last surviving members 螳螂虾是最后幸存的成员
of an ancient family of crustaceans. 甲壳动物的古代家庭的雕像。
And for a relatively small marine creature 对于相对较小的海洋生物
- anywhere from 1 to 7 inches - -1至7英寸-
this bottom crawler has an enormous presence. 这个底部的履带拥有巨大的存在。
It's one of the most aggressive hunters in the animal kingdom, 它是动物界最凶猛的猎人之一，
able to strike a deadly blow in a fraction of a second. 能够在几分之一秒内击中致命一击
This creature is built to fight. 该生物是为战斗而建造的。
Like the praying mantis, it has specialized forelimbs 像螳螂一样，它有专门的前肢
tucked under its body until it's ready to use them. 藏在它的身体下面，直到准备使用它们为止。
Using a spring-like mechanism, this crustacean's limbs 甲壳类动物的四肢使用弹簧般的机制
can accelerate up to 1000 times faster than a fighter jet. 可以比战斗机快1000倍
That gives the peacock mantis shrimp 那就是孔雀螳螂虾
the fastest right hook in the animal kingdom. 动物界中最快的右钩。
The enormous force easily smashes the shells 巨大的力量很容易砸碎贝壳
of big crabs and mollusks. 大螃蟹和软体动物。
Calcium-based minerals strengthen the mantis shrimp's 钙基矿物质增强了螳螂虾的
forelimbs, making them resistant to breaking. 前肢，使其耐摔。
These limbs can absorb extreme impacts. 这些肢体会吸收巨大的冲击力。
So this mantis shrimp can smash with abandon. 因此，这只螳螂虾会被丢弃。
If this incredible beating weren't enough, 如果这种令人难以置信的殴打还不够，
it strikes a second blow. 它受到了第二次打击。
The speed of a mantis shrimp's punch is so fast 螳螂虾猛击的速度如此之快
it boils the water around it. 沸腾它周围的水。
The phenomenon is known as cavitation. 这种现象称为空化。
When the boiling bubbles collapse, 当沸腾的气泡崩溃时，
they cause a small shockwave that destroys the target. 它们会引起小的冲击波，摧毁目标。
So even if the shrimp doesn't knock out its target 因此，即使虾没有击倒目标
the first time around, 第一次
the imploding bubbles can still take it down. 破裂的气泡仍然可以将其击落。
The crustacean's super strength 甲壳动物的超强实力
makes it an excellent builder, too. 也使其成为出色的建筑商。
It digs U-shaped burrows out of coral and rocks 它从珊瑚和岩石中挖出U形洞穴
to create the perfect home. 创造完美的家。
And if it's not perfect, 如果不完美，
it'll just move to a different neighborhood. 它将移至其他社区。
Even with the mantis shrimp's brute strength, 即使螳螂虾的蛮力，
it's smart enough to know that it's better to avoid a fight. 聪明到知道最好避免打架。
It can smell through the water, 它可以透过水闻到，
so when it senses trouble is coming, it hides in its burrow. 因此，当感觉到麻烦即将来临时，它就会藏在洞穴中。
If the potential intruder comes too close, a mantis shrimp will 如果潜在入侵者距离太近，那么螳螂虾会
create vibrations by shaking its muscles inside its exoskeleton. 通过摇晃其外骨骼内的肌肉来产生振动。
These acoustic signals are a warning to stay away. 这些声音信号是远离的警告。
Don't let its tiny head fool you. 不要让它的小头欺骗你。
There are brains behind this brawn, 这种力量背后有大脑，
which takes its hunting skills to the next level. 这使其狩猎技能更上一层楼。
A mantis shrimp has the most complex eyes 螳螂虾眼睛最复杂
in the animal kingdom. 在动物界。
Each eye is trinocular, 每只眼睛都是三目的
meaning it has incredibly accurate depth perception. 意味着它具有难以置信的准确深度感知。
Plus each eye can move independently 而且每只眼睛都可以独立移动
on the end of its stalk, helping it detect advancing predators 在茎的末端，帮助它发现前进的掠食者
and locate prey with the utmost precision. 并以最高的精度定位猎物。
The black bands and spots in the middle of its eye 眼睛中部的黑带和斑点
show where the animal is looking. 显示动物在看什么。
But the central stripe going in the other direction 但是中央条纹朝另一个方向发展
has scientists intrigued. 引起了科学家的兴趣。
That stripe contains millions of light-sensitive cells 该条纹包含数百万个感光细胞
called rods and cones. 称为杆和锥。
Humans have rods and cones too; 人类也有杆和锥。
rods for black and white, cones for color. 黑色和白色的杆，颜色的锥。
But humans have only three types of color receptive cones: 但是人类只有三种类型的受色锥：
red, blue and green. 红色，蓝色和绿色。
A mantis shrimp has 12 types of cones to detect color, 螳螂虾有12种视锥细胞来检测颜色，
and another four that analyze polarized light. 另外四个分析偏振光。
This means that it's able to see ultraviolet wavelengths. 这意味着它能够看到紫外线波长。
And this crustacean should be able to see 而且这种甲壳动物应该能够看到
an incredible spectrum. 令人难以置信的频谱。
But it's actually not very good 但这实际上不是很好
at distinguishing between colors. 区分颜色。
Mantis shrimp eyes are so complicated 螳螂虾的眼睛是如此复杂
that humans are just scratching the surface 人类只是在刮擦表面
on how this crustacean sees, and why. 关于这种甲壳动物的看法以及原因。
A peacock mantis shrimp 孔雀螳螂虾
is solitary for most of its adult life. 在成年后的大部分时间里都是孤独的。
But at mating time, it relies on its acoustic messaging 但是在交配时，它依靠其声音信息
to communicate with other mantis shrimp and to attract mates. 与其他螳螂虾进行交流并吸引伴侣。
Peacock mantis shrimp breeds year round, 孔雀螳螂虾全年繁殖，
mating, spawning, and hatching their eggs inside their dens. 在巢穴中交配，产卵和孵化卵。
Once she lays her eggs, a female peacock mantis shrimp 下蛋后，雌孔雀螳螂虾
carries the massive clutch around for 40 days, 携带大量离合器40天，
during which time she won't even eat. 在此期间她甚至不吃饭。
She'll take care of them, 她会照顾他们的
aerating and cleaning them until they hatch. 给它们充气并清洁，直到它们孵化为止。
After hatching, the larvae will leave the safety of the burrow. 孵化后，幼虫将离开洞穴。
And within a few months, a new generation 在几个月内，新一代
of fully mature adults will establish themselves, 完全成熟的成年人会建立自己的，
content to hide out in the rocky crevices of the ocean. 躲在大海的岩石缝隙中。
Scooting along the ocean floor is a master of disguise. 沿着海底滑行是一种伪装大师。
This is the grunt sculpin, 这是咕unt的人
a small fish with a big personality. 个性大的小鱼。
It's part of the super-family Cottoidea, 它是超家族Cottoidea的一部分，
which includes sculpins, sea ravens and poachers. 其中包括杜鹃，海鸦和偷猎者。
Not the most complimentary names, 不是最免费的名字，
but this compact species has some outstanding qualities. 但是这种紧凑的物种具有一些出色的品质。
Like this: (Squealing) 像这样：（尖叫）
This little fish gets its name not from how it looks, 这条小鱼的名字不是来自外表，
but how it sounds. 但是听起来如何。
(Grunting) （咕run声）
That said, it does have some odd physical features too. 也就是说，它也确实具有一些奇怪的物理特征。
The grunt sculpin has a massive head 咕unt的头颅有一个巨大的头
that makes up half of its body size. 占其身体大小的一半。
Even though it's a fish, it doesn't have scales. 即使是鱼，也没有鳞。
Instead, it has small plates, 相反，它有小盘子，
which are covered in tiny spines for armor. 上面覆盖着细小的铠甲。
Its fins and tail are a bright, flashy orange, 鳍和尾巴是鲜亮的橙色，
and emerge from under the plates 从盘子下面出来
as though they're part of a completely different fish. 好像它们是一条完全不同的鱼的一部分。
The grunt sculpin is a bit of a motley mashup. 咕unt的雕刻是杂色混搭。
This curious appearance helps it blend in with the scenery. 这种奇特的外观帮助它与风景融为一体。
It lives in tide pools, rocky areas, and high-current 它生活在潮汐池，多石地区和高流
coastal waters in the cool north Pacific Ocean. 凉爽的北太平洋沿岸水域。
These are habitats favored by giant barnacles. 这些是大藤壶所钟爱的栖息地。
And so, this odd, hunchbacked fish 所以，这奇怪的驼背鱼
has adapted to live in empty barnacle shells. 已经适应住在空的藤壶壳中。
When it's all tucked in with just its head sticking out, 当所有东西都塞进去时，只是伸出头，
predators can't tell the difference. 掠食者无法分辨差异。
And if just its flashy orange tail sticks out, 如果它的华而不实的橙色尾巴伸出来，
it looks like a barnacle feeding. 看起来像藤壶喂养。
If barnacle shells aren't available, 如果没有藤壶壳，
the grunt sculpin will just as happily use bottles, cans, 咕unt咕的人会很高兴地使用瓶子，罐头，
and other ocean floor debris to hide away. 和其他海底杂物躲藏起来。
It prefers to stay out of sight. 它更喜欢保持隐蔽。
Because racing away from predators is barely an option. 因为远离掠食者赛跑几乎是一种选择。
The grunt sculpin's movements are awkward at best. 咕unt的sculpin的动作充其量是笨拙的。
It doesn't quite swim, but instead scuttles across the 它并不完全游泳，而是在整个
ocean floor on the tips of its finger-like fins, 指状鳍的海底，
twitching, hopping, and strutting over rocks. 在岩石上抽动，跳跃和支撑。
Awkward and lurching, maybe, but this fish can cop an attitude. 也许笨拙而潜伏，但这条鱼可以应付一个态度。
The Grunt sculpin is territorial and aggressive. Grunt sculpin具有地域性和侵略性。
One of the ways it communicates is the grunt: 交流的方式之一是咕unt咕:：
(Grunting) （咕run声）
Researchers believe it's a territorial call. 研究人员认为这是一个领土号召。
The female is the true bully of this species, 雌性是这个物种的真正欺负者，
especially at mating time. 特别是在交配时。
The female chases a male into a barnacle shell, 雌性追逐雄性进入藤壶壳，
trapping him in there while she lays her eggs. 她产卵时将他困在那里。
Then he has no choice but to fertilize them. 然后他别无选择，只能给他们施肥。
With a devil may care attitude, she saunters off, 她怀着魔鬼般的态度，闲逛，
leaving him to guard the nest. 留他守巢。
This sassy fish is a carnivore that feasts on tiny crustaceans, 这种粗野的鱼是食肉动物，以微小的甲壳动物为食，
plankton, and larvae on the sea floor. 浮游生物和幼虫在海底。
Its long, bill-like snout has thick lips and tiny teeth, 它的长而像嘴的鼻子有浓密的嘴唇和细小的牙齿，
perfect for getting into all the nooks and crannies 非常适合进入所有角落
in its habitat. 在它的栖息地。
And that's ideal for a tiny sea creature 这是一个微小的海洋生物的理想选择
that will only ever grow to be about 3 inches long. 只会长到约3英寸长。
There aren't any other fish quite like the grunt sculpin. 没有其他鱼像咕gr咕的鱼一样。
As the only member of the fish family Rhamphocottidae, 作为鱼类Rhamphocottidae的唯一成员，
this strange-looking fish is truly one of a kind. 这种看起来很奇怪的鱼确实是其中一种。
The ocean is bursting with life, 海洋充满生命，
some of it beautiful, some of it bizarre. 有些漂亮，有些奇怪。
But looks can be deceiving. 但是外表可能会欺骗人。
There's often more than meets the eye, 通常不只是眼神，
and these ocean oddities have adapted to their watery home 这些海洋生物适应了他们的水乡
in the most unusual ways. 以最不寻常的方式